1990-2014年岷江上游流域景观格局变化及驱动力分析

Landscape Pattern Change and Driving Force in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River, 1990 - 2014

以岷江上游流域为研究对象,选取研究区1990、2001、2007与2014年的Landsat遥感影像作为数据源,结合相关社会经济数据,分析了岷江上游流域1990-2014年景观格局动态变化及其驱动力。结果表明:24年间,流域林地面积明显减少,草地、未利用地、建设用地和水域面积明显增加,耕地面积变化不大。流域总体的破碎度增加,但其均匀度指数较小,说明流域景观整体破碎度不大,景观的蔓延度指数减小速率缓慢,流域中的优势斑块具有良好的连接性。流域各景观类型呈现不同程度的破碎化和复杂化,其中林地破碎化最高,草地占总的景观面积比例最大是该流域的优势景观,建设用地斑块的复杂度最高。运用SPSS软件进行驱动力分析可知,社会经济发展与人口因子和气候因子是导致流域土地利用景观格局变化的主要原因。

Taking the upper basin of the Minjiang River as the research object, this paper selects the Landsat remote sensing images of the 1990 s, 2001, 2007 and 2014 as the data sources. Combined with the relevant socio-economic data, the dynamic changes and driving forces of the landscape pattern in the upper basin of the Minjiang River from 1990 to 2014 are analyzed. The results show that in the past 24 years, the area of forest land in the basin has been significantly reduced, and the area of grassland, unused land, construction land and water area have increased significantly, and the area of cultivated land has not changed much. The overall degree of fragmentation of the basin increased, but its uniformity index is small, indicating that the overall fragmentation of the basin landscape is not large, the rate of decline of the landscape spread index is slow, and the dominant patches in the basin has good connectivity. The landscape types of the basin are fragmented and complicated in different degrees. Among them, the fragmentation of forest land is the highest, and the proportion of grassland in the total landscape area is the dominant landscape of the basin. The complexity of construction land patches is the highest. The driving force analysis with SPSS software shows that social and economic development, population factors and climate factors are the main reasons for the change of landscape pattern of land use in the basin.