中国西部河流自然风景价值保护的3种模式

Three models of natural scenic value protection of rivers in Western China

为构建中国河流自然风景价值保护的可实施途径,通过剖析中美相关政策与案例,针对中国西部河流分类提出了3种模式:基于国家公园与自然保护地体系构建的"自然型"河流保护模式,在具有突出价值的已开发河流上的"共生型"河流保护模式,在已建水利工程面临退役的河流上的"修复型"河流保护模式。基于中国河流保护的特殊性提出以下保护策略:"自然型"河流应从国土空间规划角度,进行河流价值识别、环境影响评估与低影响自然体验教育项目引入;"共生型"河流应从低收益高消耗向高收益低影响发展方式转变,推进协调保护与开发矛盾的河流立法、基础科学研究与构建多方对话平台;"修复型"河流应从干流开发优先、支流保护优先角度,加强多学科参与河流修复试点项目的合作。

In order to construct an implementable way to protect the natural scenic value of rivers in China, this paper analyzes the relevant policies and cases of China and the United States, and puts forward three models for river classification in Western China: the "natural" river protection mode based on the system of national parks and nature reserves, the "symbiotic" river protection mode based on the developed rivers with outstanding value, and the "restoration" river protection mode based on the rivers where the built water conservancy projects are facing retirement. Based on the particularity of river protection in China, the following protection strategies are proposed. From the perspective of territorial planning, "natural" rivers should introduce projects of river value identification, environmental impact assessment and low impact natural experience education. "Symbiotic" rivers should change from low-income and high consumption to high-income and low impact development mode, promote river legislation to coordinate the contradiction between protection and development and basic scientific research, and build multi-party dialogue platform. From the perspective of priority of main stream development and tributary protection, "restoration" rivers should strengthen multi-disciplinary cooperation and carry out pilot projects of river restoration.