从“伴工互助”到“土地入股”:上海市郊农村互助组的兴起与转变(1951—1953)

From “Mutual Assistance Assisted by Labor” to the “Pooling of Land as Shares”:The Rise and Transformation of Rural Mutual Aid Groups in the Shanghai Suburbs (1951—1953)

1951年的上海郊区土地改革,没有改变市郊农村半工半农的社会形态。受此影响,伴工互助组成为市郊农村互助合作初期的主要形式。在此后的发展过程中,部分互助组组长为了避免在记工评分、农活安排方面出现的混乱或矛盾,兼业农户为了避免雇工带来的剥削风险,共同选择了"土地入股"的经营方式。这表明,土地入股内含一定的乡村自发性。不过,中央缩减互助合作发展计划和随后的政策调整,又使初期的土地入股经历了一个从消极到积极的定性之变。

Land reform in the Shanghai suburbs in 1951 did not change the social form of rural workers and semi-agricultural workers in the suburban areas. As a result,mutual assistance assisted by labor constituted the main form of the initial stage of mutual assistance and cooperation in the rural areas. In the process of subsequent developments,in order to avoid confusion or contradictions in terms of the recording and grading of work and agricultural work arrangements,and in order to avoid the risks of exploitation brought about by the hiring of labor,some mutual assistance group leaders and part-time farmers jointly chose the operational mode of"pooling the land as shares. "This shows that the pooling of land as shares contained a certain village spontaneity. However,the central government’s plan to reduce mutual cooperation and development and its subsequent policy adjustments caused the initial"land shareholding"to undergo a qualitative change from negative to positive.