价值的回归——乡村营造的伦理思考

The Return of Value——Ethical Thinking of Rural Construction

受城市中心主义的影响,城乡从传统“我-你”(主主)关系转向“我-它”(主客)式的不平等关系,乡村价值被贬低。当代乡村营造中的困境以及诸多乡村社会问题,也是伴随着这一转变而产生。马丁·布伯的“我-你”关系强调一种互为主体、相互尊重(尊重他者的异质性)、平等对话的关系。列维纳斯在此基础上主张“他者性”关系,认为只有坚持非对称性的为他者负责的伦理态度,才能彻底走出自我中心主义。乡村营造问题的缓解,也应在对乡村价值进行充分挖掘与认识的前提下,促进乡村价值的回归,使城乡走向“他者性”伦理关系。

Influenced by urban centralism,urban and rural areas have shifted from the traditional“I-you”(subject-subject)relationship to the“I-It”(subject-object)-style unequal relationship,thereby value of the rural has been devalued.The predicament in contemporary rural construction and various rural social problems are also caused accompanying this transformation.Martin Buber’s“I-Thou”relationship emphasizes a kind of relationship of mutual subjectivity,mutual respect(respect for the heterogeneity of others),and equal dialogue.On this basis,Emmanuel Lévinas advocates the“otherness”relationship,and believes that only the ethical attitude of being responsible for others insisting on asymmetry can completely get rid of egoism.To alleviate the problem of rural construction,we should promote the return of rural value on the premise of fully exploring and recognizing the rural value,so that the urban and rural areas can move towards the ethical relationship of“otherness”.