比较法视野下的近代宪法汇编

Imaginary Worlds of Constitutions: Collections of Modern National Constitutions from Comparative Law Perspective

从帝制晚期到共和时期,每到转型与制宪时刻,中国与德国都会编订具有代表性的"宪法汇编"。作为比较宪法(史)与比较制宪的知识工具,"宪法汇编"在勾勒世界宪法格局的同时,亦再现着编订者的意义世界。本文以比较视野,试图呈现中国与德国在不同时期的宪法汇编所再现的多重"宪法世界"。一方面,依赖认知前见与认知边界,宪法汇编如何塑造出差异性的世界想象:中国从复古到趋向最新潮流的进化式"宪法世界",德国逐渐回归欧洲近代宪法传统,却始终固守着二元空间的对立式"宪法世界"。另一方面,通过宪法类型学,将想象的"宪法世界"进行实定法转化,实现政治诉求的规范性表达。在"宪法世界"的重叠景观中,在认知与规范的双重世界里,中国与德国分别代表了两种"宪法世界"的构造方式,两种进入"宪法世界"的典型路径,仍影响着当下的宪法观念。

As the knowledge media for comparative constitutional research, the collections of national constitutions can not only outline the constitutional structure of the world, but also represent the editors’ meaning system and portray an understandable, comparable and reliable world of normativity used as a reference frame for defining its current position and orientation in the future. From the end of Empire to the beginning of Republic, certain representative collections of national constitutions were published respectively in China and Germany, especially at transition points. From a comparative perspective, I attempt to demonstrate the multi-world of constitutions between China and Germany during different periods, discuss the cognitive preconception and boundary of editors, scholars and legislators,and argue how the collections of national constitutions constitute variant imaginations of the world, how the constitutional typology transforms them into the paradigm of legal dogmatics and finally how China and Germany encounter each other through the overlapping landscape of the imaginary worlds of constitutions.