论正当行为的体系定位——以刑法学问题的类型划分为视角

System Positioning of Proper Behavior: From Perspective of Classification of Problems in Criminal Law

从刑法学问题类型划分的视角来看,正当行为的体系定位问题可以在两个不同的意义上被讨论。一是在刑法适用过程中如何妥当地将刑法规定的犯罪与正当行为的成立条件适用于具体案件事实的先后判断顺序问题,这是一个刑法问题中的司法技术问题;二是在刑法理论体系构建过程中如何妥当安排犯罪和正当行为的逻辑关系问题,这是一个纯粹刑法学意义上的解释选择问题。作为司法技术问题,正当行为的成立条件应该在犯罪成立条件之后与具体案件事实进行比对,这个判断的先后顺序与正当行为的理论体系定位无关,无论采用何种理论体系都不会影响判断的结果。作为解释选择问题,正当行为的体系定位取决于学者们如何理论解读刑法规范中的法律要件,不同的理论前见会导致不同的体系定位,各种体系定位之间并无是非对错、优劣高低之分而只有理论前见不同之别。

From the perspective of the classification of the problems in criminal law, the system positioning problem of proper behavior can be discussed in two different senses. One is how to properly apply the stipulation in the criminal law to the case,which is a judicial technical problem. The other is how to arrange the logical relationship between crime acts and proper behavior in the theoretical system, which is a problem of choice of interpretation. As a judicial technical issue, the order of the judgement has nothing to do with the positioning of the theoretical system. As a matter of choice of interpretation, the system positioning depends on how scholars theoretically interpret the legal elements in the criminal law norms. Different theoretical presuppositions will lead to different system positioning. There is no right or wrong, superior or inferior among different system positioning, but only different theoretical presuppositions.