大数据交易背景下个人信息财产权的分配与实现机制

Mechanisms for Distribution and Realization of Personal Information Property Rights Under Background of Big Data Transactions

个人信息依法交易、流通、共享是大数据时代的必然要求。要大力发展包括个人信息在内的大数据交易,就必须对数据尤其是个人信息进行确权,明确权利归属。个人信息的人格权归属于个人,但其财产权却因个人信息的不同分类而不同,即基本个人信息的财产权为个人所独有,伴生个人信息和预测个人信息的财产权为个人与信息企业所共有;但在伴生个人信息的财产权中,个人的份额大于信息企业的份额;在预测个人信息的财产权中,信息企业的份额大于个人的份额。在此基础上,再根据个人信息的种类,采取不同类别的采集与交易规则,为个人信息的交易提供法律支持。大数据交易和大数据交易场所的自律管理制度建设,则为实现个人信息的财产权提供了可能。

In the era of big data,there’s a high demand for legal trading, circulating, and sharing of personal data. To develop big data(including personal data) transactions,we should clarify and determine the ownership rights of data(especially personal data). The personality rights of personal data belong to individuals, but the property rights should be treated differently according to further classification of personal data, i.e. the property rights of Basic Personal Data belong to individuals wholly, while the property rights of Associated Personal Data and Anticipated Personal Data are shared between individuals and information companies;however, in the property rights of Associated Personal Data, the share of individuals is greater than that of information companies;in the property rights of Anticipated Personal Data, the share of the information companies is greater than that of individuals. On this basis, we should adopt different types of collection and transaction rules according to the type of personal data in order to provide legal support for the transaction of personal data. The construction of self-regulation management systems for big data transactions and big data transaction venues provides the possibility of realizing the property rights of personal data.