记忆建构与民族主义:近代塞尔维亚历史中的科索沃传奇

The Legend of Kosovo in the Modern Serbian History

科索沃传奇在近代塞尔维亚民族认同中扮演着关键角色,它起源于1389年6月28日塞尔维亚人与土耳其人之间的科索沃战役。尽管这个事件不能被视为塞尔维亚历史真正的转折点,但经过口传加工和民族主义者的书面建构,科索沃战役成为塞尔维亚历史的核心事件,并深深植根于民众的集体记忆中。拉扎尔所象征的国家复兴、米罗什所代表的英雄主义和布朗科维奇的背叛等主题成为理解整个塞尔维亚历史的基本参照。在19世纪,科索沃传奇为塞尔维亚的民族独立和解放运动提供了意识形态支撑和强大的情感力量,但民族主义者对科索沃记忆的政治利用也使其烙上了复仇主义的色彩;科索沃记忆环境中孕育成长起来的塞尔维亚青年终于在科索沃战役的纪念日,在萨拉热窝点燃了世界大战的导火索。

The legend of Kosovo,originated from the battle between Serbs and Turks on 28 June 1389,plays a crucial role in the modern Serbian national identity. Although this battle cannot be regarded as a true turning point for the modern Serbian history,it became a pivot of the entire Serbian history as a legend and was deep rooted in the collective memory of the Serbian people in virtue of the processing of the oral tradition and nationalists’ documentary construction. The themes,such as resurrection of state,heroism and betray,which were included in this legend and embodied by Lazar,Milo2 and Brankovi°respectively,became the reference for understanding the whole Serbian history. In the 19 thcentury,the legend of Kosovo justified the nationalist program of Serbia and generated the great emotional power to effectuate it,but the violence and revanchism harbored in the legend incurred the catastrophic consequences. Finally,on a day which was the anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo,a group of young people who grew up in the memory of Kosovo ignited the First World War in Sarajevo.