清初淇澳岛民对国家政策的适应

The Adaptation of Qi’ao Islanders to National Policy in Early Qing Dynasty

淇澳岛在珠江口西侧,南宋末期开发,元明两朝纳入国家税制管理和地方行政区划。清初,康熙在东南、华南沿海地区实行坚壁清野,将广大人民抛入生存危机之中。道光年间(1821-1850)阮元奉谕禁烟,将外国鸦片船只驱逐到珠江内河以外,金星门海域成为鸦片交易点,淇澳岛经常受到骚扰。本文从田野调查出发来解读方志文献,勾勒了淇澳村民坚持信念,克服困难,从维谷步入坦途的历程。借用这个忧喜参半的故事表达了天涯庶民的生存欲望和政策应对水平。

Qi ’ao Island is located on the west side of the Pearl River Estuary.It was developed in the late Southern Song Dynasty.The Yuan and Ming dynasties were incorporated into the national tax administration and local administrative divisions.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,Emperor Kangxi carried out a campaign to clear the coastal areas of southeast and south China,throwing the broad masses of people into a crisis of survival.During the reign of Emperor Daoguang(1821-1850),The Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi,Ruan Yuan,ordered a ban on smoking and expelled foreign opium ships from the Pearl River.The sea area of Jinxing Gate became an opium trading point and Qi’ao Island was often harassed.This article starts from the field investigation to interpret the local chronicle documents,and outlines the process of Qiao villagers adhering to their beliefs,overcoming difficulties and stepping into a smooth road from Weigu.This mixed story is used to express the survival desire and policy response level of the common people in the remote sea border.