伊斯兰革命卫队与伊朗政治发展

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Iranian Political Development

伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队始建于1979年伊斯兰革命胜利后主要职能是维护国家主权和领土完整、捍卫宗教领袖、确保国内外安全以及“输出革命”、抢险救灾等经过40年发展伊斯兰革命卫队已渗透到伊朗的政治、经济、安全等领域影响力日趋强劲它与伊朗政府之间呈现出博弈与合作、团结与争斗的特殊关系这种特殊而又看似矛盾的关系背后折射出伊朗政治军事体制的独特性最高领袖处于权力核心竭力平衡政府与革命卫队的微妙关系伊朗正规军与伊斯兰革命卫队则相互牵制鉴于外部严峻的安全形势革命卫队与政府必须团结一致御侮于外当前伊斯兰革命卫队在伊朗最高领袖继承问题和经济建设等方面的影响力依然非同寻常特别是面对美国特朗普政府的一系列“极限施压”政策伊朗将付诸各种手段予以反制以减缓内外压力但无论情形如何恶化伊斯兰革命卫队都将作为保持政权稳定不可或缺的基石持续发挥“安全阀”作用。

The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps(IRGC)was founded in 1979 after the victory of the Islamic Revolution.Its main functions are to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iran,defend religious supreme leader,ensure security at home and abroad,"export revolution" and provide disaster relief.However,in essence,the IRGC has penetrated into Iran’s political,economic,and security fields,and its influence has become increasingly strong.IRGC and the Iranian government have shown a special relationship of mutual competition and cooperation,unity and struggle.This special and seemingly contradictory relationship reflects the uniqueness of Iran’s political and military system.The Supreme Leader is at the core of power and strives to balance the delicate relationship between the government and the Revolutionary Guard.The Iranian regular army and the IRGC are mutually restrained.In view of the serious external security situation,the Revolutionary Guard and the government must unite.At present,the influence of the IRGC on Iran’s supreme leader succession and economic construction remains unusual.In particular,in the face of a series of "extreme pressure" policies from Trump Administration,Iran will take all kinds of measures to counter to ease internal and external pressures.However,no matter how the situation deteriorates,the IRGC will continue to play the role of "safety valve" as the cornerstone for maintaining political stability.