听障儿童家长心理健康状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Mental Health Status of Parents of Hearing-impaired Children

目的了解听障儿童家长的心理健康状况与需求情况。方法采用自编问卷《听障儿童家长心理需求调查表》对全国293名听障儿童家长进行调查,并分析其结果。结果参与调查的听障儿童家长中,第一照顾人为母亲有85.67%,父亲、祖辈及其它家庭成员分别占9.65%,3.75%和1.02%。家长年龄主要分布在25~35岁,占36.48%,其次为36~45岁,占24.91%。家长的就业状态以无业为主,占62.8%,全职与兼职工作分别占23.21%和13.99%。家庭形态以夫妻、孩子及祖辈同住(三代)为主(37.54%),其次为夫妻与孩子同住(二代)(35.84%),母亲或父亲单独与孩子同住及祖辈与孩子同住分别占20.82%和5.8%。家长心理状态方面,71.34%的家长感到忧愁,甚至有1.71%的家长感到非常忧伤,以至不能接受;54.95%的家长对未来没有信心;75.77%的家长认为虽然经历挫折,但可以成功;76.79%的家长感到对孩子有内疚;62.61%的家长会产生自责心理;79.87%的家长经常容易发脾气;49.14%的感到家长影响工作;70.99%的家长认为睡眼欠佳;46.07%的家长认为食欲不好;30.38%的家长对自己的健康有所担忧;92.83%的家长感觉疲劳,甚至有5.8%的家长认为太疲劳了,以致于不能完成其他事情。结论听障儿童家长的心理健康状态不容乐观,其对心理梳导方面有较大需求,应从社会、政策、家庭等层面对其提供适宜的帮助。

Objective To understand the mental health status and needs of parents of hearing-impaired children. Methods 293 parents of hearing-impaired children in China were investigated with self-designed questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. Results 85.67% of the first caregivers were mothers, 9.65% a fathers, 3.75% grandparents and 1.02% other family members. The age of parents was mainly 25-35 years old, accounting for 36.48%, followed by 36-45 years old, accounting for 24.91%. The employment status of parents was mainly unemployed, accounting for 62.8%, full-time work and part-time work accounting for 23.21% and 13.99% respectively. The main family form was three generation family including child, couple and grandparents.(37.54%), followed by two generation family including couple and children(35.84%), and and one parent family including mother or father alone, children and grandparents( 20.82% and 5.8% respectively);In terms of parents’ psychological state, 71.34% of the parents felt sad, and even 1.71% of the parents could not accept it;54.95% of the parents had no confidence in the future;75.77% of the parents thought that they could succeed although they experienced setbacks, 76.79% of the parents felt guilty about their children;62.61% of the parents would have self blame;79.87% of the parents were prone to lose their temper;49.14% of the parents noticed interference to their jobs;70.99% of the parents had sleeping problems, 46.07% of the parents had reduced appetite;30.38% of the parents worried about their health, 92.83% of the parents were tired, even 5.8% of the parents reported too tired to contiune with their routines. Conclusion the mental health status of parents of hearing-impaired children is not optimistic, and they need more psychological guidance. They should be provided appropriate help from the social, policy, family and other aspects.