江翁之意:宋元文人的垂钓与垂钓工具重构

Research on Fishing and Fishing Tools of Literati during Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元文人为交游、休闲、品尝美食而广泛开展垂钓活动,文人群体以垂钓为契机创造了丰满的渔业文化。垂钓使得文人走出书斋、探寻一般农民日常,认知多元水生物世界,极大扩展了文人的生命尺度。宋元时期的文人用钓竿主要是转轮竿,可依据类型学差异划分为长竿侧轮型、短竿侧轮型、短竿底轮型等三个亚子类。为便于轻松垂钓,采用了Y型支架等钓竿辅助工具。垂钓有岸、船基两类,后者居主导。文人垂钓船主要有有篷他者桨动式、有篷单人桨动式及有篷单人窄体式。为应对隆冬雨雪天气,文人对钓船及垂钓装束进行了一定改造。宋元文人垂钓工具演绎了时代浓郁的精致风气,同时为中华渔业文化的多元增进提供了良好窗口。

Literati in Song and Yuan Dynasties were engaged in extensive fishing activities in order to make friends, leisure and taste food. The literati groups took fishing as a turning point and created a rich fishery culture. The fishing let literati out of the sanctum, exploring the general farmers’ daily life. Also, literati got to know the diversified water biological world through fishing. All those things had greatly expanded the scope of literati’s life. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the fishing rod was mainly used as a fishing pole, and could be divided into three sub categories, such as "long pole-side wheel", "short pole-side wheel", "short pole-bottom wheel". To facilitate easy fishing, literati used some tools like Y type support. There were two types of fishing in Song and Yuan Dynasties: the shore and the ship, while the latter were dominant. The literati fishing boats mainly include "awning-other paddle","movable-awning","single-paddle-movable"and "covered-single-narrow". In order to deal with the winter rain and snow weather, the literati made certain modifications to the fishing boats and fishing costumes. The literati fishing tools in Song and Yuan Dynasties reflected the exquisite flavor of the times, and provided a good window for the diversified development of Chinese fishery culture.