明代安徽主要农业自然灾害与防控研究

Research on the Main Agricultural Natural Disasters and Prevention and Control in Anhui during the Ming Dynasty

明代安徽农业自然灾害频发,给当地农业恢复与发展带来了巨大危害。基于地方志及相关文献所载史料,系统梳理了明代安徽水灾、旱灾、蝗灾三大农业自然灾害的发生规律及成因,并总结了明代安徽主要农业自然灾害的预防与控制对策。研究表明,明代安徽水灾、旱灾、蝗灾发生主要集中在明朝中后期,其中水旱灾以皖北地区发生较重,蝗灾以沿淮和江淮地区发生较重。针对上述农业自然灾害,明王朝主要采取了兴修水利工程、掘挖蝗卵、捕捉蝗虫等农业防控措施,为现代农业自然灾害防御提供了借鉴。

Agriculture natural disasters were frequent in Anhui area during the Ming dynasty, which has brought great harm to the local agriculture restoration and development. Based on historical materials contained in local chronicles and related documents, this paper summarized the occurrence regularity and cause of main agriculture natural disasters like floods, droughts and locust plagues in Anhui area during the Ming dynasty, and put forward some prevention and control measures for the main agriculture natural disasters in Anhui area during the Ming dynasty. Results showed as followed: the floods, droughts and locust plagues in Anhui area during the Ming dynasty mainly occurred in the middle and late Ming dynasty, among them floods and droughts occurred in Northern Anhui mainly and heavily, and locust plagues occurred along Huai River and in Jianghuai area of Anhui. Aimed at above agriculture natural disasters, the Ming dynasty mainly adopted prevention and control measures like building hydraulic engineering, grubbing locust egg and capturing locust, etc., which provided reference for the control of modern agriculture natural disasters.