反兴奋剂工作中的临时停赛规则评述

Review of Provisional Suspension Rules in Anti-doping Campaign

临时停赛是反兴奋剂工作中较为常见的管理手段,依托反兴奋剂规则体系的建设,临时停赛规则整体上体现出了一致性和灵活性兼备的特点。但由于《世界反兴奋剂条例》临时停赛条款关键内容的缺失,以及各反兴奋剂组织的反兴奋剂规则补充规定的不完善,临时停赛规则的一致性和灵活性相结合的优势未能获得充分发挥,不利于运动员权利的保护,也影响了国际反兴奋剂工作公平协调地进行。完善临时停赛规则应当强调《世界反兴奋剂条例》与各体育组织、反兴奋剂机构的反兴奋剂规则之间的"分工",并重点关注临时停赛的适用标准、停止条件、违规后果、时长标准和赔偿规则等问题。我国的临时停赛规则存在实践适用较少、认定标准简单的问题,应当借鉴国际经验进一步完善相关规定,助力我国反兴奋剂事业的发展。

The provisional suspension is a relatively common administration tool in anti-doping campaign. Relying on the construction of anti-doping rule system, the provisional suspension rules are consistent and flexible as a whole. However, because the Provisional Suspension Clause of the World Anti-doping Code lacks key contents and the supplementary provisions of the anti-doping rules implemented by every anti-doping agency are incomplete, the provisional suspension rules haven’t brought the advantage of consistency and flexibility into full play, which is not good for the protection of athletes’ rights and the appropriate coordination of the world anti-doping campaign.The key to the improvement of the provisional suspension rules is the "division of responsibilities" between World Anti-doping Code and anti-doping rules of various sports organizations and anti-doping agencies, with an emphasis on application standards, lifting conditions, consequences of violation, suspension duration and compensation of the provisional suspension rules. Provisional suspension rules in China are less applicable in practice and the identification standard is simple. Therefore, we should learn from international experience to further improve relevant rules and regulations so as to speed the development of anti-doping cause in China.