基于单孔波形叠加的微差爆破降振研究

Study on Vibration Reduction of Millisecond Blasting Based on Single Hole Waveform Superposition

为了确定在某水电站在开挖爆破中电子雷管延期时间,实现最好的降震效果,采用了单孔爆破震动波形叠加的方法。将首爆炮孔与后续起爆炮孔之间的孔间延时设置为1s,并且进行爆破振动监测。通过MATLAB软件读取单孔振动波形,并根据130个炮孔的单孔药量对振动波形加权叠加,又将5组单孔波形分别以微差时间1-200ms进行叠加。结果表明:不同监测点的单孔爆破振动时长与频率均不相同;考虑到药量因素的单孔波形加权叠加具有很好的仿真效果。通过综合分析2处监测点在不同孔间延时下的振动峰值变化曲线,发现当本次爆破孔间延时为53ms时,能够实现最好的降振效果。距离爆破区域最近的两处监测点的降震率分别为78.6%、79.7%。这对于爆破施工具有很高的参考价值。

In order to determine the delay time of the electric detonator in the excavation blasting of a hydropower station and achieve the best effect of vibration reduction,the method of superposition of vibration waveform of single hole blasting is adopted.Set the delay between the first blasting hole and the subsequent blasting hole to 1 second,and monitor the blasting vibration.The vibration wave form of single hole is read by MATLAB software,and the vibration wave form is weighted and superposed according to the single hole charge of 130 holes.Five groups of single hole waveforms are superposed with differential time of 1-200ms.The results show that the vibration duration and frequency of single hole blasting at different monitoring points are different,and the weighted superposition of single hole waveform considering the charge factor has a good simulation effect.Through the comprehensive analysis of the vibration peak change curve of two monitoring points under different delay between holes,it is found that when the delay between holes is 53ms,the best vibration reduction effect can be achieved.The seismic reduction rates of the two monitoring points close to the blasting area are 78.6%and 79.7%respectively.It has a high reference value for blasting construction.