无人机分类与法律规制——兼评《无人驾驶航空器飞行管理暂行条例（征求意见稿）》

Legal Classification and Legal governance of UAV: Comment on the Interim Regulations on Flight Management of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(Draft for Comment

人工智能浪潮具备解放脑力资源、自主感应主体需求以及服务作为主体的人等特征。因此,与人工智能技术紧密结合的无人机相应的法律概念、法律分类应当进行重构,以避免传统航空器概念和分类对我国无人机未来发展的束缚与阻碍。无人机概念应当包括物的定义与智能的定义;相应地,以人工智能赋予的功能范围为标准,应当进行功能固化的无人机与功能非固化的无人机的基础分类,并且以“管理者+实际用途”为标准划分为国家无人机、军用无人机、民用无人机。

The wave of artificial intelligence has the characteristics of liberating brain resources,perceiving needs and providing services autonomously.Therefore,the corresponding legal concepts and legal classifications of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)closely integrated with artificial intelligence technology should be reconstructed to avoid the constraints on the future development of UAV.The concept of the UAV should include the de finition of the object and the de finition of intelligence.According to whether it can perform multi-function,there are single-function UAV and multi-function UAV.According to the standards of the regulatory authorities and practical uses,the UAV include military UAV,civilUAV and national UAV.