灵活监管：无人机飞行监管理念及其展开

Smart Regulation: UAV Flight Supervision Idea and Application

无人机产业发展迅速,其在民事领域得到广泛应用的同时也隐含风险,无人机飞行监管成为监管领域的重要研究课题。无人机种类多、用途广、性能差异大,若以传统航空器监管模式为蓝本,将严重制约无人机产业发展。为达到在保障飞行安全的同时促进无人机产业发展的目标,应以灵活监管为指导理念建构监管体系。无人机灵活监管可从四方面展开:一是注重政府、市场分工、参与及合作;二是遵循放管服的监管逻辑,以放为主,适当监管,注重服务,实现无人机飞行的社会效益;三是遵循分类管理的方法,对于不同用途、不同风险无人机进行不同程度的监管;四是完善监管策略,根据比例原则选择适当监管措施。

The UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)industry has developed rapidly.It has been widely used in the civil field and also has hidden risks.The UAV flight supervision has become an important research topic.UAVs have many types;many usesand large di fferences in performance.If they are modeled on the traditional aircraft monitoring model,they will severely restrict the development of the UAV industry.In order to ensure flight safety while not severely constraining the development of UAV industry,a supervision system should be constructed with the guiding principle of smart regulation.The smart regulation of UAVs can be carried out in four aspects:First,it should pay attention to the joint participation of the government and the market.Second,it should follow the supervision logic thatmainly focus on the devolution of power,do proper monitoring and service oriented.The third is to follow the method of classi fication management:different types of UAVs with different risks are subject to different degrees of supervision.Fourth is to improve the supervision strategy and select the appropriate supervision method according to the principle of proportionality.