共相理论视角下中国现代哲学中的境界形上学

Metaphysics of Spiritual Realm in Modern Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of the Theory of Universals

正是因为对于哲学中的共相问题具有浓厚的兴趣,一些中国现代哲学家才建构出一种独具特色的境界形上学,而这种境界形上学的主题则是“学以成人”。在金岳霖的哲学中,共相以及共相之间的关联成为形上学研究的对象,据此他建构了一种与人生观和价值观紧密相连的道论的形上学,给我们提供了一种非人类中心、非英雄观的圣人观。在冯友兰的哲学中,概念的内涵即共相成为其形上学研究的对象,据此,他建构了一种现代新儒家人生境界说。中国现代哲学家依据共相理论而构建的既具有现代性又具有民族性的有关于人的境界形上学,强调的是天道与人道、智慧与境界、真与善的统一。这种境界形上学呈现了现代中国哲学家对于形而上学的具有中国特色的原创性思考,这些思考也的确为中国传统哲学的现代化和世界化开辟了一条值得进一步深思的道路。

It is precisely because of the strong interest in the problem of universals that some modern Chinese philosophers have constructed unique metaphysics of spiritual realm,whose theme is“learning to be human”.In Jin Yuelin’s philosophy,universals and their relationship had become the object of his metaphysical study.On this basis,he constructed metaphysics of Taoism closely related to the outlook on life and values,and provided us with a non-anthropocentric and non-heroic view of sage.In Feng Youlan’s philosophy,the connotation of concepts,i.e.universals,had become the object of his metaphysical study.Accordingly,he constructed a modern Neo-Confucian theory of life realm.Modern Chinese philosophers have constructed the metaphysics of spiritual realm with both modernity and nationality based on the theory of universals emphasizing the unity of heaven and humanity,wisdom and realm,truth and goodness so as to present a metaphysical system the original thinking with Chinese characteristics of modern Chinese philosophers on metaphysics,which indeed open up a path worth further thinking for the modernization of traditional Chinese philosophy and cosmopolitanization.