基于产权制度视角的中超联赛治理失衡及优化路径研究

Unbalanced Governance and Optimization Path of Chinese Super League Based on The Perspective of Property Rights System

采用文献资料、逻辑分析、案例分析、专家访谈等方法,从产权制度视角出发,分析了当前中超联赛面临的治理问题,尝试提出中超联赛治理失衡的优化路径。研探中超联赛的治理结构和产权制度现状,分析中超联赛的治理体系及其特征:治理结构的纵向垂直,治理主体的虚实映射,治理目标的官方主导。进而指出中超联赛治理失衡的表现:中国足协的过度干预造成联赛利益边界失衡,联赛代理人的非独立性致使委托代理格局失衡,足协权利垄断导致俱乐部投入产出失衡。继而探究中超联赛治理失衡的逻辑根源:联赛制度设计上的产权不清引致出利益边界失衡,联赛运营流程上的权责不明暴露出委托代理问题,联赛商业开发上的政社不分放大俱乐部投入产出失衡。在此基础上,分析了中超联赛治理失衡的根源实质:产权的残缺、模糊导致"寻租"现象频繁,产权缺乏保障导致俱乐部运营管理的短期行为加剧,产权制度的落后性无法适应职业体育市场的运行规律。基于以上情况,提出了中超联赛"多中心"式治理结构,为进一步构建"足协、中超公司、俱乐部"三位一体的"多中心"治理结构提供了理论思路。分析中超联赛实现均衡、可持续发展的优化路径:转变联赛服务管理与综合治理方式,顺应多元化趋势;优化联赛运营管理机制,促进协会改革向纵深发展;强化联赛运行的治理效果,尊重俱乐部主体地位;提升联赛资源开发的治理效率,推进市场化发展。

By using the methods of literature,logical analysis,case analysis and expert interviews,this paper analyzed the governance problems faced by the current Chinese Super League from the perspective of property rights system,and tried to put forward the optimization path of the unbalanced governance of the Chinese Super League. Firstly,it explored the governance structure and property rights system of the Chinese Super League,and analyzed the governance system and its characteristics:vertical governance structure,virtual and real mapping of governance subjects,and official dominance of governance objectives. Furthermore,it pointed out that the unbalanced governance of the Chinese Super League is manifested by the unbalanced interests boundary caused by excessive intervention of the Chinese Football Association,the unbalanced principal-agent structure caused by the non-independence of the League agent,and the unbalanced input-output of the club caused by the monopoly of the rights of the Football Association. Then it explored the logical root of the unbalanced governance of the Chinese Super League:the unclear property rights in the design of the league system lead to the unbalanced interests boundary,the unclear power and responsibility in the League operation process exposes the principal-agent problem,and the political and social development of the League business enlarges the unbalanced input-output of the club. On this basis,this paper analyzed the root essence of the unbalanced governance of the Chinese Super League:the incomplete and vague property rights lead to frequent rent-seeking phenomenon,the lack of protection of property rights leads to the intensification of short-term behavior of club operation and management,and the backwardness of property rights system can not adapt to the operation law of professional sports market.Based on the above situation,we puts forward the "multi-center" governance structure of the Chinese Super League,which provides a theoretical thinking for the further construction of the "multi-center" governance structure of the trinity of "Football Association,Chinese Super Company and Club". Finally,the paper analyzed the optimum path of achieving balanced and sustainable development of the Chinese Super League:changing the service management and comprehensive management mode of the league,conforming to the trend of diversification;optimizing the operation management mechanism of the league,promoting the further development of the association reform;strengthening the governance effect of the League operation,respecting the dominant position of the club;improving the governance efficiency of the League resource development,and promoting the market-oriented development.