裂变与重生：少数民族传统体育传承路径演变与重构

Fission and Rebirth:the Evolution and Reconstruction of the Inheritance Path for the Ethnic Minorities Traditional Sports

坚定文化自信、促进优秀传统文化传承是社会主义新时代文化强国建设的必由之路。少数民族传统体育作为优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,应当为中华民族的伟大复兴、乡村振兴、健康中国等国家战略的实施做出应有的贡献。为了促进少数民族传统体育的可持续发展,采用文献资料、综合分析、实地考察、历史人类学研究方法剖析少数民族传统体育生产、记忆、传承的具体方式,以系统科学原理为导向分析少数民族传统体育传承路径演变的动力机制及影响因素。研究结果表明:文化认同、技术体系、民族习惯法、宗教信仰、精英流动是少数民族传统体育传承路径与方式变迁的内引力量,国家政策、环境生态、经济发展、文化冲突是少数民族传统体育传承方式裂变的外部要素。在内外部力量的综合影响下,少数民族传统体育传承方式发生了巨大的变化,部分少数民族传统体育已经消亡或濒临消亡成为不容否认的事实。研究认为,从责任主体定位、传播媒介创新、传承途径拓展、文化品牌构建、监控机制优化等方面对少数民族传统体育传承路径进行优化重构是预防少数民族传统体育走向无限裂变的发展歧途、促进少数民族传统体育在文化强国建设进程中能重获新生的基本方式。

In the new era of socialism,it is a necessary way to strengthen the cultural self-confidence and promote the inheritance of excellent traditional culture for the sake of a big cultural power. The ethnic minorities’ traditional sports as a crucial part of Chinese excellent traditional culture should make its contributions to such strategies as rejuvenating Chinese nation,booming rural areas,and making a Healthier China. To shed light on the sustainable development of ethnic minorities’ traditional sports,this paper analyzed the specific ways of production,memorizing and inheritance of ethnic minorities’ traditional sports by adopting such methods as literature survey,comprehensive analysis,fieldwork and historical anthropology. It also analyzed the dynamic mechanism and influence factors of the evolution of minority inheritance path guided by the principle of systematic science. The results showed that cultural identities,technical systems,national customary laws,religion beliefs and the national policies are the drives to change the inheritance path and mode of ethnic minorities’ traditional sports,while national policies,ecological environment,economic developments and cultural conflicts are the external factor for its fission. Under the combined influences of internal and external forces,the ways of inheriting ethnic minorities’ traditional sports have undergone great changes,and the traditional sports of some ethnic minorities have disappeared or on the verge of disappearance. This paper claims that if we turn to responsibility subject orientation,media innovation,inheritance channel expansion,cultural brand construction and monitoring mechanism optimization,the inheritance path of ethnic minority traditional sports can be optimized and reconstructed so as to prevent the development of ethnic minority traditional sports from going astray towards infinite fission and to promote the rebirth of ethnic minority traditional sports in the process of building a strong cultural country.