汉代和亲诗考论

On the Poems about Making Peace by Marriage in the Han Dynasty

和亲在国家利益与个人命运之间存在显著的张力,是汉以后重要的文学题材之一。乌孙公主刘细君《歌》是和亲文学的发轫之作。诗中细君对不公平命运的怨恨与悲凉心境的表达,体现了作者鲜明的个体生命意识。该诗继承了战国末期四兮三节奏骚体诗的传统并加以发扬光大,通过对该句式与汉代四兮三句式的研究,有助于了解早期七言诗的发展趋向。《怨旷思惟歌序》关于昭君出塞的记载多有错讹之处。琴家出于吸引观众的需要,叙述昭君出塞时在史实的基础上融入文学的想象。模仿昭君口吻虚拟的“作诗”反映了汉代四言诗的特点,取得了较高的艺术成就,对后代昭君题材诗影响深远。

There is significant tension of making peace by marriage between the interests of the state and the individual’s destiny,which is one of the important literary themes after the Han Dynasty.Song written by Wu Sun Princess called Liu Xinjun,is the origin of the literature about Making Peace by Marriage.The resentment of the unjust fate and the expression of the desolate state of Mind expressed the author's distinct sense of individual life.The poem inherited and carried forward the tradition of the four and three rhythms at the end of the Warring States.Comparing to other poetries with four and three rhythms of the Han Dynasty,we can understand the development trend of the early seven style poems easily.There were a lot of mistakes about the records of Zhao Jun in the preface of Yuan Kuang Si Wei Ge.In order to attract the audience,the performer added liberal imagination on the basis of historical facts.The poetry imitating Zhao Jun’s tone reflected the characteristics of four style poetries in the Han Dynasty,with great artistic achievements and far-reaching effects on the same themes poetries.