高铁网络对城市生态效率的影响——基于中国277个地级市的空间计量研究

Impact of high-speed rail network on urban eco-efficiency: based on the spatial measurement of 277 prefecture-level cities nationwide

高铁开通产生了很大的社会经济效应与环境效应,综合研究高铁对这两种效应即生态效率的影响具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文采用2006—2016年中国277个地级市数据,将社会网络分析(SNA)和空间杜宾模型(SDM)相结合,检验我国高铁网络发展对城市生态效率的影响效应。研究发现:在全国范围内,高铁网络度数中心度(degree centrality)和中间中心度(betweenness centrality)的优化对城市生态效率产生显著正向效应,但是受城市异质性作用产生的影响效应具有明显差异性,具体表现为高铁网络中心度优化对中心区域产生正效应,对非中心区域产生负效应,即高铁网络在一定程度上加剧了城市生态效率不平衡、不协调发展的负面效应。在此基础上本文对结果进行机制检验,发现城市服务业集聚在高铁网络提高城市生态效率中具有中介作用。与此同时,采用人口地理矩阵和投入导向规模报酬不变的超效率DEA模型重新测算的城市生态效率分别对上述结果进行稳健性检验,结论依旧保持不变。因此,从长远发展来看,各级政府仍应大力发展高铁建设,推动高铁网络不断优化,带动经济效益和环境效应的提升,但是在进行高铁线路规划时,要注意中心城市虹吸效应带来的区域不平衡以及对欠发达地区的负面影响,在政策上给予一定的补救和补偿。

The operating of high-speed rail has produced great social-economic effects and environmental effects.The comprehensive study of the impact of high-speed rail on those two effects,namely eco-efficiency,has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on the data of 277 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2016,this paper combines social network analysis(SNA)and spatial Durbin model(SDM)to verify the impact of development of rail network on urban eco-efficiency in China.The results show that:the optimization of degree centrality and betweenness centrality of high-speed rail network has srgnificantry positive effects on Urban eco-efficiency nationwide,but the effects brought about by urban heterogeneity are srgnificantry different.Generally speaking,the optimization of centrality has a positive effect on eco-efficiency in the central region and a negative effect in the non-central region which means the high-speed rail network aggravates the negative effect of unbalanced and uncoordinated development of urban eco-efficiency to a certain extent on the basrs,At the same time,this paper examines the mechanism of the results,and then finds that high-speed rail network promotes eco-efficiency through the agglomeration of urban service industry.At the same trme,the urban eco-effictiency re-estimated by the population geography matix and the input-oriented scale-based variable-ralue super-efficiency DEA model respectively test the robusteness of the above results,and the conclusion remains unchanged.Proncote the constantly opfrmization of high-speed rail network,imporove the ecnome and environment.Therefore,on the long run of development,governments should continue to develop high-speed rail to construction of regin.However,when making line planning of high-speed rail,we should pay attention to the regional imbalance caused by the siphon effect of central cities and its negative impact on underdeveloped areas,and provide remedies and compensation by implementing some policies.