基于ASG综合法的金牛山综合公园视觉景观评价

Visual Landscape Evaluation of Jinniushan Multiple Function Park Based on Integrated Approach of ASG

以金牛山主要景观点为研究对象,通过ASG综合法,按照主观评价与客观分析相结合的方式进行研究。主观层面基于SBE法进行评价得到90名评价者的主观偏好,客观层面以金牛山地理数据为基础,运用GIS相关技术,选取视点、视域、视线、坡度、相对距离和视觉机率6个方面进行定量评价,最后将主观偏好评价与基于GIS的AHP评价相结合,构建AHP评价-主观偏好矩阵,将金牛山视觉景观划分为视觉景观关键区、自然发展区、次优先改进区和优先改进区,并根据其区域的本质区别,对各个景观点的保护与管理提供针对性的科学建议。结果表明,山中茶室、环湖步道、风铃塔位于AHP评价和主观偏好评价双高的视觉景观关键区;AHP评价偏低而主观评价相对偏高的自然发展区仅有景观台1个景点;梁厝亭、樱花园、817纪念园和双拥雕塑位于AHP评价和主观偏好评价都偏低的次优先改进区;环形坡道、杜鹃谷和月牙桥位于优先改进区。通过构建矩阵结合主观评价和客观评价的结果,可以极大地提高景观视觉评价体系的科学性和全面性,为当下景观视觉评价提供思路。

Taking the main scenic spots of Jinniushan Multiple Funtion Park as the research objects,evaluations were carried out based on subjective assessment and objective analysis by combining analytic hierarchy process(AHP),scenic beauty evaluation(SBE)and geographic information system(GIS),abbreviated as ASG.The subjective aspect was based on the SBE method to obtain the subjective preferences from 90 evaluators.The objective aspect was based on the geographic data of the park by using GIS related technology to conduct quantitative evaluation from six aspects,i.e.viewpoint,field of view,line of sight,slope,relative distance and visual probability.Finally,the subjective preference evaluation was combined with GIS-based AHP evaluation to construct AHP evaluation-subjective preference matrix,from which the visualscape of the park was divided into four types,i.e.,key area,natural development area,sub-priority improvement area and priority improvement area.According to the essential differences between the areas,suggestions were given on the protection and management of various landscape points.The results showed thatscenic spots“Shanzhong Tea Room”,“Huanhu Trail”and“Fengling Tower”were in the key area of visualscape with high AHP evaluation and subjective preference evaluation;the natural development area with low AHP evaluation and relatively high subjective evaluation included only one scenic spot;“Yuting”,“Sakura Garden”,“817 Memorial Park”and“Shuangyong Sculpture”were in the sub-priority improvement area with low AHP evaluation and subjective preference evaluation;the“Circular Ramp”,the“Rhododendron Valley”and the“Crescent Bridge”were in the priority improvement area.By constructing the matrix combined with the results of subjective evaluation and objective evaluation,the scientific and comprehensive nature of the landscape visual evaluation system could be greatly improved to provide ideas for landscape visual evaluation.