我国义务特殊教育发展战略40年:回顾与展望

The Developmental Strategies of Compulsory Special Education in China for Forty Years : Retrospect and Prospect

义务特殊教育发展战略是有关特殊儿童少年义务教育改革发展目标、走向、措施及组织实施的顶层谋划与构想。文献分析表明,改革开放40年来,我国义务特殊教育发展经历了萌芽期(1978-1989年)、形成期(1990-2005年)、发展期(2006-2013年)和成熟期(2014年至今)四个发展阶段,在发展过程中注重义务特殊教育的中心地位,致力于推进义务特殊教育的免费、普及、优质、均衡发展以及质量评估监测。但是,仍需更新理念、优化文本结构、强化政府主导地位与增强社会合力,提高实效。

The development strategy of compulsory special education is the top plan and conception on the reform and development goal, trend, measures and implementation for compulsory education for the children and juveniles with special needs. According to literature analysis, since reform and open for forty years, the development strategy of compulsory special education has gone through four stages such as the germination period(1978-1989), the formative period(1990-2005), the development period(2006-2013) and the mature period(2014-);has paid more attention to the central position and committed to promoting the free, universality, high-quality, balance and quality assessment and monitoring of compulsory special education;and has greatly promoted the reform and development of compulsory special education. However, it is still necessary to update the concept,optimize the text structure, strengthen the government’ leading roles and social cohesion in order to improve effectiveness of compulsory special education. Therefore, it is very imperative to further reflect and optimize the developemental strategy of compulsory special education in China.