海水养殖污染与生态修复对策

Pollution and Ecological Restoration of Mariculture

随着我国海水养殖规模的不断扩大,海水养殖污染已成为不可忽视的环境问题。文章综述了海水养殖过程中产生的营养盐污染、有机质污染、重金属污染、抗生素污染问题及其生态影响和生态修复对策措施。对于海水养殖污染,单纯的物理化学修复方法制约较大,以生物修复为基础的生态浮床修复技术、大型藻类修复技术及人工湿地修复技术,是较为有效的海水养殖污染防治措施。在未来研究中,还应加强养殖污染源头的治理,加强海水综合养殖理论方法研究,以实现海水养殖经济效益和环境效益双赢。

With continuous expansion of mariculture in China,mariculture pollution has become an environmental problem that cannot be ignored.This paper reviewed the ecological impacts derived from mariculture pollution,such as nutrient pollution,organic matter pollution,heavy metal pollution and antibiotic pollution,and the ecological restoration measures.Physical or chemical remediation technology is limited in the mariculture pollution control.Ecological floating bed restoration technology,macroalgae restoration technology and constructed wetland restoration technology,which based on bioremediation,were more effective mariculture pollution control measures.In order to realize the win-win of economic benefits and environmental benefits of mariculture,it is necessary to do in-depth research on pollution source control methods and marine integrated aquaculture technology in the future.