松香生产技术的传承变迁及其社会支持系统

Inheritance and Change of Chinese Rosin Production Technology and Its Social Support System

本文使用文献法和田野调查法,研究松香生产技术的历史传承与现代变迁。从唐代以来到清代,中国古代采脂法有伐树取脂法、凿孔取脂法和鳞刺法三种,采取煮、蒸、烧的方法加工和提炼出松香和松节油。传统的松香生产规模小,技术发展缓慢。从民国时期到现在,采脂技术依次使用了上升法和下降法,加工技术从滴水法发展到蒸汽法。现代松香生产技术发展迅速、规模扩大,从依赖本地自然资源与血缘、地缘人际交往的支持系统发展到跨地区、跨省的自然资源利用和人力资源调配。在社会支持系统的作用下,松香生产技术在不同时代的传承变迁呈现了相当不同的特点和态势。

Drawing on literature and fieldwork, this article studies the inheritance and change of Chinese rosin production technology. There were three different kinds of resin tapping technology from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, including cutting trees, picking holes, and fish scale-like stabbing. Rosin and turpentine were processed or extracted through steaming, boiling or burning. The traditional technology was slow in its development. However, from the Republic of China period to the present, the rosin production technology has been developing fast. On the one hand, resin tapping has adopted the new methods of upward cutting and downward cutting;on the other hand, the process technology has advanced from dripping to steaming. At the same time, the social support system of rosin production technology has also undergone an obvious change from relying on local natural resources as well as blood and geographical relationships to relying on trans-regional and transprovincial use of natural and human resources. With its social support system at work, Chinese rosin production technology has shown quite different features and tendencies in its development at different times.