不确定性原理的诠释问题

A Critical Review on the Interpretation of the Uncertainty Principle

量子力学中的不确定性关系是量子力学形式体系的推论,但对这一关系的理解则依赖于对量子态以及整个量子力学的诠释。文章检讨了三类不同的诠释,即海森堡的误差-扰动诠释,玻尔的互补性诠释,以及各种系综诠释,指出了这些诠释之困难与不足,并在此基础上提出了对不确定性关系进行合理诠释的限度。文章最后提出,合理限度之内的非统计诠释为量子力学形式体系的推论提供了直观理解,而这正是海森堡当初提出不确定性关系的真正动机。

The uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics are mathematical inferences of quantum formalism. The interpretation of these relations is dependent upon the interpretation of quantum state and quantum mechanics as a whole. This article analyzes different interpretations for quantum mechanics with respect to the uncertainty relations, including Heisenberg’s error-disturbance interpretation, Bohr’s complementarity interpretation, and various ensemble interpretations, and points out the difficulties and deficiencies of these interpretations. Then the article proposes the limits for any reasonable interpretations, and argues that the nonstatistical interpretations within the limits provide an intuitive understanding for many formal inferences of quantum theory, which is the true motivation for which Heisenberg proposed these relations in 1927.