新中国成立70年来钢铁工业绿色发展政策演变、成效、挑战与优化路径

新中国成立70年来,我国钢铁工业绿色发展历经意识淡薄期、起步期、推动期,当前正处于推进超低排放的攻坚期。70年来钢铁工业吨钢能耗、吨钢污染物排放量整体呈下滑趋势,工业资源综合利用率稳步提升,绿色技术研发和绿色装备工艺水平大为提升,信息化、自动化、智能化水平不断提高。然而,钢铁工业绿色发展仍面临污染物总量居高不下、全过程全流程环境管理不完善、钢企绿色发展水平参差不齐及绿色钢贸壁垒一触即发等挑战。文章从钢铁工业全生命周期视角出发,提出了构建全过程全流程绿色发展生态圈、提高电炉短流程炼钢比重、提升行业集中度及加强与新一代信息技术融合等优化路径。

Since the founding of New China 70 years ago,the green development of China's steel industry has gone through weak period,starting period and driving period.At present,it is in a critical period of promoting ultra-low emissions.During the past seven decades,the energy consumption and pollutant emissions per ton of steel have shown a downward trend,the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial resources has been steadily increased,the level of green technology R&D and green equipment technology have been greatly improved,and the level of informationization,automation and intelligence has been constantly improved.However,the green development of the steel industry still faces the challenges of high total pollutants,imperfect environment management in the whole process,uneven green development of steel enterprises and imminent occurrence of green steel trade barriers.From the perspective of the whole life cycle of the steel industry,this paper proposes an optimization path for building a whole process green development ecosystem,increasing the proportion of electric furnace short-process steelmaking,enhancing industry concentration and strengthening the integration with next-generation information technology.