上海市某区医用X射线诊断受检者放射防护情况调查

Radiation protection for X-ray diagnosis subjects in a District of Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市某区X射线诊断受检者的放射防护现状,发现受检者放射防护中存在的问题并寻找解决方案。【方法】随机抽取上海某区6家医疗机构,通过发放调查表和现场调查等方式,收集医用X射线诊断受检者对放射防护相关信息,录入数据库,并进行统计学分析。【结果】X射线诊断受检者对X射线的危害性知晓率为76.37%,对应当使用个人防护用品知晓率为65.93%,个人防护用品实际使用率为50.55%。高中及以上学历受检者的知晓率和使用率均高于初中及以下学历受检者(P<0.001,P=0.032);40岁及以下受检者对X射线的危害性知晓率明显高于40岁以上的受检者(P=0.002)。【结论】医疗机构应主动告知X射线诊断受检者辐射对健康的潜在效应,主动提供受检者个人防护用品;应加强对受检者个人防护的宣传教育,尤其针对低教育程度和高年龄受检者;监管部门应敦促医疗机构将理论落实到实践,提高放射防护用品的实际使用率,切实保护受检者健康。

[Objective]To conduct a special survey in order to find the defect of the personal protection in medical X-ray diagnosis.[Methods]Field inspection,and document check and personal interviews were conducted in 182 subjects selected from 6 medical institutions in a district of Shanghai.[Results]The awareness rate of radiation hazard was 76.37%,the awareness rate of using personal protective equipments being 65.93%,and the utilization rate of personal protective equipment was 50.55%.Compared with the low educated subjects,the awareness and utilization rates with high educated subjects were significantly higher(P<0.001 and P=0.032 respectively).Compared with subjects under 40,the awareness of radiation hazard was higher in subjects above 40(P=0.002).[Conclusion]Relevant departments should strengthen publicity and education in personal protection for medical exposure,especially for low educated and high age subjects.Regulators should urge the radiation treatment institutions to practice the standard and regulations,to improve the actual utilization of personal protective equipment,and effectively protect from medical exposure.