新城市科学支持下的人本尺度“城市双修”实践——以开封为例

Planning Practice of “Urban Renovation and Ecological Restoration” from the Perspective of Human-Orientation Under the Support of New Urban Science——A Case of Kaifeng

近年来,"城市双修"在各地迅速推进,但在实践中也出现了一些难题。一方面是"城市双修"中需要关注的特色、活力、品质等要素都是非物质空间实体的感受,难以测度和评估;另一方面是"城市双修"既需要在城市尺度上开展通盘考虑,又需要切入人本尺度,开展精细化、小尺度的分析。这一既要"广"得起来,又要"深"得下去的需求,是以往规划实践所未曾应对的。文章以开封市为例,运用新城市科学支持下的多种数据和技术,架构人本尺度下的精细化、科学化分析框架。在"生态修复"方面,从人本感受出发,运用街景数据和深度学习算法,开展街道绿视量化测度,并结合道路可达性计算,给出科学化提升策略。在"城市修补"方面,运用多源、深度的城市数据和各类机器学习算法,对行为活力、街道特色、交通拥堵、生活便利度、建筑色彩等多项人本尺度的品质、活力及特色要素开展量化测度,提供导控建议。这一系列新技术和新数据支持下的多尺度空间分析与精细化测度,在实践上具有普适性,有望为人本尺度的"城市双修"提供有力支撑。

With the rapid development of "urban renovation and ecological restoration" in recent years, some difficulties are emerging in the planning practices. On one hand, the characteristics, vitality and quality, etc. that need to be paid attention to in the "urban renovation and ecological restoration" are all the feelings of non-material space entities, which are difficult to be measured and evaluated. On the other hand, "urban renovation and ecological restoration" needs to carry out both comprehensive consideration on the urban scale and refined and small-scale analysis on the human scale. This need to be both "wide" and "deep", which has never been dealt with in previous planning practices. Taking Kaifeng as an example, this paper uses a variety of data and technologies supported by the new urban science to construct a refined and scientific analysis framework from the perspective of human orientation. In terms of "ecological restoration", starting from the human experience, this paper uses street view data and deep learning algorithms to carry out street greening visual quantitative measurement, combines with road accessibility calculation and puts forward a scientific promotion strategy. In the aspect of "urban renovation", this paper uses multi-source in-depth urban data and various machine learning algorithms to quantitatively measure the quality, vitality and characteristics of human orientation from many aspects, such as behavioral vitality, street characteristics, traffic congestion, convenience of life, architectural color, etc., and then brings forward guidance and control suggestions. The multi-scale spatial analysis and refined measurement supported by this series of new technologies and new data are universal in practice and are expected to provide strong support for the "urban renovation and ecological restoration" from the perspective of human orientation.