陕西省湿地生态系统治污减霾功能评估

Evaluation on Pollution Control and Haze Reduction Function of Wetland Ecosystem in Shaanxi Province

根据中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T 1721—2008),以及陕西省湿地资源清查数据和我国权威机构公布的社会公共数据,依托国家林业局黄龙山和秦岭森林生态国家定位观测研究站长期、连续、定位观测研究数据集以及陕西省环保厅公布的环境资源数据,采用分布式测算方法评价陕西省湿地生态系统潜在的治污减霾功能。结果表明:陕西省湿地生态系统滞纳大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5分别为33.84万t·a^(-1)、4.08万t·a^(-1)、1.51万t·a^(-1),固定二氧化碳和释放氧气物质量分别为5.45万t·a^(-1)、14.56万t·a^(-1);陕西省湿地生态系统净化环境总价值为799.25亿元·a^(-1),其中清除大气颗粒物、降解污染物、固碳释氧产生的价值分别为716.77亿元·a^(-1)、79.95亿元·a^(-1)、2.53亿元·a^(-1);陕西省10个市湿地生态系统治污减霾的价值量存在显著差异,渭南市湿地治污减霾价值量所占比例最大,不同地市湿地生态系统治污减霾价值量由大到小依次为:渭南>榆林>西安>汉中>宝鸡>延安>商洛>安康>咸阳>铜川;不同湿地类型治污减霾功能存在明显差异,河流湿地的治污减霾总价值量为662.20亿元,占陕西湿地治污减霾总价值量的82.85%,其次为人工湿地、沼泽湿地和湖泊湿地,其治污减霾价值量分别占总价值量的10.98%、3.34%和2.82%。

According to the forestry industry standard of the people’s Republic of China"forest ecosystem service functionevaluation standard"(LY/T1721-2008),as well as the forest resources data of Shaanxi province and the social publicdata published by authoritative organizations in China,relying on the long-term,continuous and fixed observationdata set of the national fixed observation and research station of forest ecology of the state forestry administration and theenvironmental resources data published by the environmental protection department of Shaanxi province,the potentialpollution control and haze reduction functions of the wetland ecosystem of Shaanxi province are evaluated by usingdistributed calculation methods. The results showed that TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 in the wetland ecosystem of Shaanxi provincewere 338 400 t·a-1,40 800 t·a-1 and 15 100 t·a-1 respectively,and the mass of fixed carbon dioxide and oxygenreleasing substances were 54 500 t·a-1and 145 600 t·a-1 respectively. The total value of purification environment of wetlandecosystem in Shaanxi province is 79.925 billion yuan·a-1,among which the values of removing atmospheric particulatematter,degrading pollutants and carbon fixation and oxygen release are 71.677 billion yuan·a-1,7.995 billion yuan·a-1and 253 million yuan·a-1 respectively. There are significant differences in the value of pollution and haze reduction inwetland ecosystems in 10 cities in Shaanxi Province,the proportion of pollution and haze in Weinan Wetland is the largest,and the value of pollution reduction of wetland ecosystem in different cities from big to small is as follows:Weinan,Yulin,Xi’An,Baoji,Yan’An,Shangluo,Ankang,Xianyang and Tongchuan. There are obvious differences in the function ofreducing haze in different wetland types,the total value of pollution and haze in river wetland is 66.22 billion yuan,whichaccounts for 82.85% of the total value of pollution and haze in Shaanxi Wetland,followed by artificial wetland,swampwetland and lake wetland,the value of pollution and haze is 10.98% and 3.34% and 2.82% of total value respectively.