让自然资本成为主流,用生态GDP核算美丽中国

Mainstreaming the Economics of Natural Capital and Accounting the Eco-GDP of Beautiful China

自然资本由自然资源及其提供生态系统服务所构成,维持着人类福祉及经济可持续性。把自然资产及生态服务价值纳入在国家及各层级决策之中,使自然资本成为主流经济,将突出其在维持"可持续、包容和公平"经济增长的重要地位。生态GDP核算首次把"资源消耗、环境损害和生态效益"纳入国民财富核算,既对经济活动对环境的负价值做"减法",也考虑了生态环境的正价值做"加法"。2007年我国资源消耗价值占当年GDP的1.68%,环境损害价值占GDP的0.82%,生态效益为13.2万亿元,占GDP的47.9%,全国生态GDP为40万亿元,相对GDP增加了45.4%。生态GDP总量指标重新认识了经济发展与自然环境之间的关系,充分体现经济增长、社会公平、环境公正,实现"绿水青山就是金山银山"目标。

Natural capital refers to the living and nonliving components of ecosystems that contribute to generation of goods and services of value for people.Maintaining stocks of natural capital allow the sustained provision of future flows of ecosystem services,and thereby help to ensure human well-being and economic sustainability.The values of natural capital and ecosystem services are fully incorporated into decision making,correcting the bias typical to favour private wealth and physical capital above pubilc wealth and natural capital of much decision making today and mainstreaming the economics of the natural capital,perfecting the nation wealth accounting,enhancing“sustainable,inclusive and equitable”economic growth.Resource consumption,environmental damage and ecological benefits were covered by the system of Eco-GDP accounting for evaluating economic and social development.The Eco-GDP accounting system was a framework substracted the resource consumption and environmental damage value from the GDP and added ecological benefits.The results showed Eco-GDP increased by 45.4%than current GDP owed to natural ecosystem service domestic product rise by 13.2 trillion yuan in 2007.The Eco-GDP indicator helps us rethink the relation of economic to the natural environment and promote more economic development,social equitable and environment justice,achieving the goal of“nature is the true treasure”.