向海湿地鹤类核心区植被生物量与碳储量研究

Research on Vegetation Biomass and Carbon Reserves in the Core Area of Cranes in Xianghai Wetland

向海湿地是国家级自然保护区和国际重要湿地保护区,本研究选取对水分条件响应最为敏感的鹤类核心区天然植被作为研究重点,分析了地上生物量、不同深度地下生物量、植被碳储量、不同深度土壤有机质含量等,为向海湿地受损生态系统的恢复提供依据。向海鹤类核心区天然植被类型分为沼泽植被,草甸植被,盐、碱生植被,结果表明:沼泽植被地下生物量达到4 366.74 g·m^(-2),其中0~10 cm层生物量高达2 703.93 g·m^(-2),占沼泽植被总地下生物量的61.92%,草甸植被地下生物量为2 048.88 g·m^(-2),盐、碱生植被地下生物量为520.04 g·m^(-2);沼泽植被地上生物量高于另外两种植被类型,差异显著;并对国内不同湿地典型植被类型的生物量进行了比较。沼泽植被的有机碳含量为312.66 g·kg^(-1),而盐、碱生植被有机碳含量最低,只有沼泽植被的50%左右,草甸植被有机碳含量248.13 g·kg^(-1);从单位面积植被碳储量来看,沼泽植被为15.88 t·hm^(-2),约为草甸植被的3倍,是盐、碱生植被的15倍,总的植被碳储量为83 556.86 t。向海鹤类核心区各植被类型土壤碳储量为1 281 949 t,是植被碳储量的15倍。

The Xianghai Wetland is a national nature reserve and an internationally important wetland conservation area.This research selects the natural vegetation in the core area of the crane,which is most relevant to the water conditions,as the research focus,and analyzes the above-ground biomass,vegetation carbon reserves,underground biomass and soil organic matter content at different depths,which can provide basis for the restoration of damaged ecosystems in the Xianghai Wetland.The natural vegetation in the core areas of cranes in Xianghai Wetland are divided into 3 types,including swamp vegetation,meadow vegetation,salt and alkali vegetation.The results showed that the underground biomass of the swamp vegetation reached 4366.74 g·m^-2,and the 0-10 cm layer biomass was as high as 2703.93 g·m^-2,accounting for 61.92%of the total underground biomass of swamp vegetation,underground biomass of meadow vegetation 2048.88 g·m^-2,underground biomass of salt and alkaline vegetation 520.04 g·m^-2.The above-ground biomass of swamp vegetation is higher than that of the other two vegetation types with significant differences.And the biomass of typical vegetation types in different wetlands in China was compared in the research..The organic carbon content of swamp vegetation is 312.66 g·kg^-1,while the content of organic carbon in salt and alkaline vegetation is the lowest,only about 50%of swamp vegetation.The organic carbon content of meadow vegetation is 248.13 g·kg^-1.In view of carbon storage of unit area,swamp vegetation is 15.88 t·hm^-2,which is about three times higher than that of meadow vegetation,15 times higher than that of salt and alkaline vegetation,and total vegetation carbon stock is 83556.86 tons.The soil carbon stocks of various vegetation types in the core area of crane in Xianghai Wetland are 1281949 tons,which is 15 times higher than that of vegetation carbon stocks.