冷战后国际民主化视角下的中东欧政治转型——基于若干国际民主测评指标的批判性分析

Review of the Political Transition in Central and Eastern Europe after the Cold War: A Critical Analysis Based on Some Democracy Indexes in the West

20世纪90年代前后,国际共产主义运动范畴内的东欧剧变与“第三波”民主化浪潮中的东欧国家政治转型呈现叠加状态,为冷战后的中东欧政治转型提供了另一重观察与研究的视角。然而,自冷战结束后,以西式自由民主为核心的话语体系及其研究范式却始终牢牢占据国际民主化与中东欧政治转型研究领域的主导地位,甚至形成某种意义上的话语霸权,而由少数西方大国主导的国际民主测评指标体系在其中无疑扮演着极为重要的工具性角色。本文从冷战后国际民主化背景下的中东欧政治转型研究出发,结合对当前国际上有关民主测量与评估的若干主要指标体系的批判性分析,尝试在廓清西方民主测评指标体系“科学”“中立”迷思的同时,对30年来中东欧地区的民主化进程及其最新发展状况进行相应的再审视与再反思。

From the dual perspectives of the international communist movement and the“third wave”of democratization,the drastic change in Eastern Europe around the 1990s is still worthy of further exploration and reflection.However,researches in the field of political transition in Central and Eastern European countries(CEECs)since the end of the Cold War have been dominated by discourse system and paradigm with western liberal democracy at its core.In a sense,some kind of discourse hegemony has even been formed with a paramount role played by very few democracy evaluation index systems dominated by a small number of western powers.Under the background of international democratization after the Cold War,this paper aims to clarify the myth of the so-called“scientific nature”and“neutrality”claimed by the western democracy evaluation index systems by reviewing and rethinking the democratization process and the latest development of Central and Eastern Europe in the past 30 years.