身份政治视域下的移民、犹太人与东德人——当代德国精神状况的三个截面

Immigrants,Jews,and East Germans in the Perspective of Identity Politics-on the Three Aspects of the Spiritual Situation in Contemporary Germany

在六八运动50周年纪念和右翼民粹势力崛起的背景下,本文尝试通过对文化和社会事件及其论述的公共话语的跟踪,梳理当下德国的“左倾”自由主义政治遗产。作为“左倾”政治一向特别关注的边缘群体,土耳其移民及其后裔为主的外来移民、犹太人以及东德人是研究以记忆、融合与认同为核心的德国话语的重要样本。当下的德国在厄齐尔事件之后已经无法继续维持多元文化主义的“酷德国”想象,维系战后德国认同的“历史反思”叙述必须回应对于文化中心主义的批评和来自新的犹太主体性的挑战,而愤怒的东部德国人也以正在形成中的“东德人”意识呼吁德国修正统一以来的历史书写话语。由身份认同纠缠展开的话语转向正在德国悄然酝酿。

Against the background of the 50 th anniversary of the 1968 Movement and the rising of the right-wing populism,this paper attempts to explore the political legacy of the left-wing ideology by analyzing the culturally and socially relevant events and their narrative in Germany. As the focus of the left-wing politics,the ethnic minorities and marginalized social groups represented by the immigrants with Turkish roots,Jews and East Germans have always attracted particular attention from researchers on the German discourse on memory,integration and identity. Contemporary Germany is no longer in a position to maintain the imagination of a multicultural " Cool Germany " after the zil controversy. The"Vergangenheitsbew ltigung",i.e. the narrative of overcoming the past,as an identitycreating discourse is confronted with the critique of cultural-centralism and the newly emerged Jewish self-confidence. In addition,an identity as "East Germans"that has been developing among the angry people in East Germany demands a correction of the German historiography,especially that part of East Germany in the post-"Wende"( turn-around)period since the German reunification. A discursive turn which is initiated by the current discussions on the identity issue is in progress in Germany.