70年义务教育学校布局调整回顾与反思

The Review and Reflection on Distribution of Compulsory Education Schools during the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

义务教育学校布局受制于经济社会发展、管理体制变迁、人口变化等诸多因素。新中国成立70年来,义务教育学校布局调整分别经历了"布点建校期"、"调整过渡期"、"规模扩张期"、"撤点并校期"和"审慎调整期"五个阶段。透过70年发展历程可以发现,学校布局调整不仅是顺应经济社会发展、城镇化和人口变化的结果,其在引领城镇化、产业结构调整及教育变迁中也发挥着重要的先导作用。学校布局调整既是学校地理空间分布的变化,也是教育资源重新配置的过程,更是各方利益的博弈和调整,其根本政策价值是促进学生发展。伴随新型城镇化发展和乡村振兴战略实施,学校布局调整应坚持"以人为本"的价值取向,回归教育本源,遵循教育规律,通过制定科学的布局标准,建立规范的布局程序,推进学校布局调整决策的科学化和民主化,构建起城乡一体化的学校布局动态调整机制。

During the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the distribution of compulsory education schools has undergone five stages: the establishment period, the adjustment of the transition period, the scale expansion period, the dismantling teaching point period and the prudential adjustment period. The distribution of schools is a process of allocation of educational resources and an adjustment of the interests of all stakeholders,which plays an important role in urbanization guidance, industrial restructuring and education reform. With the implementation of new urbanization development and rural revitalization strategy, schools distribution should adhere to the "people-oriented" value, return to the origin of education, follow the law of education, establish a standardized procedure, promote decision-making to scientific and democratization, and construct a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the integration of urban and rural schools.