利益与认同:村民政治参与的边界及转换——基于佛山市4个村庄村级治理的实证调查

Interests and Identity: The Boundaries and Transformation of Villagers’ Political Participation ——Based on the Village-Level Governance Empirical Investigation of Four Villages in Foshan City

中共十九大报告要求完善基层民主制度,扩大人民有序政治参与。村民自治作为基层民主政治的中心内容,其有效实现取决于村民群众广泛的政治参与。然而,基于佛山市村级治理实践的调研发现,在参与规则不断完善的前提下,受到利益激励和社区认同双重条件影响,村民呈现出不参与、低度参与、积极参与或过度参与的多种选择偏好和参与形态序列并存格局,并体现出特定的行为边界和形态转换特征。利益激励强度和社区认同程度的共同作用,驱动村民政治参与边界形成与形态转换。利益激励强度由利益损益程度和利益依赖程度决定,社区认同程度则由血缘联系、群体互动和组织信任制约。在村级治理深化发展中,只有不断健全利益激励机制,强化社区认同机制,才能推进村民积极有序政治参与,保障村民自治有效实现。

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China called for the improvement of the grassroots democratic system and the expansion of the people’s orderly political participation. As the main content of grassroots democratic politics,the effective realization of villagers’ autonomy depends on villagers’ broad political participation. However, based on the investigation of village-level governance in Foshan city,under the premise of the continuous improvement of the participation rules, the villagers are affected by the dual conditions of interest incentives and community identity, and present a variety of selection preferences and participation patterns, including no-participation, low-degree participation, active participation and over-participation, reflecting specific behavioral boundaries and morphological transformation characteristics. The combined action of the intensity of interest incentives and the degree of community identity leads to the formation of villagers’ political participation boundaries and the transformation of villagers’ political participation patterns. The intensity of interest incentives is determined by both the degree of interests’ profit and loss and the degree of interests’ dependence. The degree of community identity is restricted by blood relationship, group interaction and organizational trust. In the development of village-level governance, it is possible to promote the positive and orderly political participation of villagers and guarantee the effective realization of villagers’ autonomy by perfecting the mechanism of interest incentives and strengthening the mechanism of community identity.