土壤活性有机质组分的分类方法及其研究进展

Soil labile organic matter components and research progress

土壤活性有机质对农田管理措施和气候变化的响应敏感且快速,是表征土壤质量变化的重要指标,成为土壤生态学及环境土壤学交叉领域的研究热点。本文系统归纳了土壤活性有机质的物理组分(轻组有机质、颗粒有机质、大团聚体有机质、酸碱提取有机质和溶解有机质),化学组分(酸水解有机质和易氧化有机质),生物学组分(微生物生物量碳和氮、潜在可矿化碳和氮)和联合分组组分(游离态团聚体有机质、物理保护有机质和游离活性有机质)的分类方法,分析了不同组分的来源、典型数量(占土壤总有机质的比例)、性质和意义,评述了相关组分的研究进程、作用和影响因素,探讨了土壤活性有机质分组方法的整合应用及其研究进展,提出了补充和验证土壤活性有机质数量测定的不确定性和难比较性的可能技术途径,以期为科学解析土壤活性有机质在土壤质量变化研究中的作用提供理论依据和技术参考。

Soil labile organic matter is sensitive to farmland management and climate change,and is often used as an indicator of soil quality change,which has become a research hotspot in soil ecology and environmental soil science.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the classification methods of soil labile organic matter,including the classification of physical components(light organic matter,particulate organic matter,macro-aggregate organic matter,acid and alkali extracted organic matter,and dissolved organic matter),chemical components(acid hydrolyzed organic matter and readily oxidized organic matter),biological components(microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and potentially mineralizable carbon and nitrogen)and combined group components(free aggregate organic matter,physically protected organic matter,and free labile organic matter).The sources,typical quantities(proportion in soil total organic matter),properties and significance of different components were analyzed,and the research history,functions and influencing factors of related components were commented.Finally,we discussed the integration application and research progress of soil labile organic matter methods,and put forward the possible technical approaches to supplement and verify the uncertainty and difficult comparison determined by soil labile organic matter.The paper would provide theoretical basis and technical support for scientifically analyzing the role of soil labile organic matter in soil quality.