密植是挖掘大豆产量潜力的重要栽培途径

Increasing planting density is an important approach to achieve the potential of soybean yield

近年来,我国大豆进口量逐年增加,生产形势严峻。我国大豆国际竞争力差的重要原因在于我国大豆单产低,资料显示我国大豆单产仅为美国、巴西和阿根廷等大豆主产国平均单产量的60%。鉴于我国耕地面积有限,在大豆种植面积不能大规模扩大的情况下,挖掘大豆高产潜力、缩小产量差成为我国大豆生产亟需解决的问题。随着播种机械化程度的提高,密植成为大田作物充分利用土地和光能资源、依靠群体实现产量增加最简单和有效的措施之一。我国农业生产中,密植增产技术已在多种作物中实现。本文对近年来大豆密植方面的研究进行了总结,旨在明确下一步大豆密植增产的研究方向,为大豆密植增产和耐密品种选育提供理论依据。

The soybean production in China is facing great challenges with the increasing soybean import.The weak international competitiveness for China′s soybean is mainly due to lower yield,because the soybean unit yield in China is only about 60%of the average yield in U.S.,Brazil and Argentina based on the available data.At present,achieving the yield potential and narrowing the yield gap of soybean in China is an urgent issue since the limited arable land in China is not able to further extend the soybean planting area.With the improvement of seeding mechanization,increasing planting density is one of the most simple and effective approaches to raise the soybean yield by fully utilizing land and light energy resources.The high planting density technologies have realized high yields from various crops in China.In this study,we summarized the recent studies on soybean high planting density and highlighted future research direction,which would provide a theoretical basis for improving yield with high planting density and breeding varieties with density-resistant.