黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Fish Meal Replacement by Black Soldier Fly( Hermetia illucens)Larvae Meal on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Ability of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

在实用饲料(含20%鱼粉,鱼粉粗蛋白质含量为73.7%)的基础上,用黑水虻幼虫粉分别替代0(G0,作为对照)、10%(G10组)、15%(G15)、20%(G20)、25%(G25)、30%(G30)的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,以研究黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响。将720尾初始体重为1.80 g左右的凡纳滨对虾幼虾随机分成6组,每组设3个重复,每个重复40尾。试验为期8周。结果表明:G15组饲料系数显著低于G0组(P<0.05),各替代组(G10~G30组)幼虾的增重率、特定生长率和存活率与G0组相比有升高的趋势,但差异未达显著水平(P>0.05)。各组虾体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总磷和水分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),G25组虾体的粗灰分和钙含量较G0组显著升高(P<0.05)。各组幼虾血清白蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、尿酸含量及谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。幼虾血清总抗氧化能力以及过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均在G20组达到最高,且G15~G30组血清过氧化物酶活性显著高于G0组(P<0.05),G15~G20组血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于G0组(P<0.05);G25组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于G0组(P<0.05)。综上所述,黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中30%或以下的鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长性能有一定的促进作用,替代水平为15%时生长性能最佳;黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中15%~20%的鱼粉可显著增强凡纳滨对虾幼虾血清中抗氧化酶的活性,进而提高机体抗氧化能力。

In order to study the effects of fish meal replacement by black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larvae meal on growth performance,body composition,serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant ability of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei,six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were prepared by replacing 0(G0),10%(G10),15%(G15),20%(G20),25%(G25)and 30%(G30)of fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal on a practical diet(fish meal content was 20.0% and crude protein content in fish meal was 73.7%).A total of 720 juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight about 1.80 g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicates.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed that the feed coefficient in G15 group was significantly lower than that in G0 group(P<0.05),the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and survival rate in substitute groups(G10 to G30 groups)were higher than those in G0 group,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in crude protein,ether extract,total phosphorus and moisture contents in whole body among groups(P>0.05),but the ash and calcium contents in G25 group were significantly increased compared with G0 group(P<0.05).No significant differences in serum albumin,globulin,cholesterol,triglyceride,glucose,uric acid contents and glutamate transaminase and glutamate transaminase activities were found in all groups(P>0.05).Total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities in serum reached the highest levels in G20 group,the serum POD activity in G15 to G30 groups was significantly higher than that in G0 group(P<0.05),and the serum CAT activity in G15 to G20 groups was significantly higher than that in G0 group(P<0.05).Serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in G25 group was significantly higher than that in G0 group(P<0.05).It is concluded that black soldier fly larvae meal can replace not more than 30% of the fish meal in the diet and promote the growth performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei,the best growth performance is achieved when the substitution level is 15%.In addition,when the substitution level is 15% to 20%,the black soldier fly larvae meal can significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and improve the antioxidant ability of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei.