长岛挡浪岛人工鱼礁区生态系统健康评价

Ecosystem Health Assessment of Artificial Reef Area in Long Island

本研究从理化环境、生物群落结构和生态系统功能3个层面,运用模糊综合评价法构建了人工鱼礁区生态系统健康评价模型。基于2013~2015年山东长岛挡浪岛人工鱼礁区5个航次调查结果,对挡浪岛人工鱼礁区、辐射区和对照区的生态系统开展健康评价。结果显示,人工鱼礁区及辐射区的生态系统为健康状态,对照区为亚健康状态。三者的生态健康指数为鱼礁区(0.783)>辐射区(0.646)>对照区(0.594)。与未投礁时相比,鱼礁区和辐射区的生态系统均脱离了亚健康状态且逐步提升,但对照区仍处于亚健康状态且发展不稳定。健康评价研究表明,挡浪岛人工鱼礁区生态系统比对照区更稳定,并带动辐射区提高了系统健康水平,表明挡浪岛人工鱼礁建设在生态环境修复和海洋渔业资源养护方面已取得一定效果。

In this study, we used a fuzzy synthetic evaluation to build an ecosystem-health assessment model according to offshore sea ecosystem characteristics and artificial reef construction functions from three aspects: Physicochemical environment, biological community structure and ecosystem function. To eliminate the dimension effect of sub-indexes, normalization process was used. An analytic hierarchy process was used to assign a threshold or the ecological indicator. The synthetic health index was used to assess the health status of the artificial reef areas, radiation areas and contrast areas. Sub-indexes of artificial reef ecosystem health assessments included physical, chemical, and biological factors. Assessment standards were based on seawater quality, standard marine sediment quality, and guidance for the assessment of coastal marine ecosystem health. We conducted a series of ecosystem health assessments of artificial reefs, and radiation and control areas of Danglang Island based on the survey results of 5 voyages in 2013~2015. The results showed that the ecosystem of artificial reef areas was in a healthy state, whereas the control area was in a sub-healthy state. From the highest to the lowest, the ecological health index was: The three reef area(0.783)>radiation areas(0.646)>control area(0.594). Compared with non-reefing, the ecosystems of the reef and radiant areas were all separated from the sub-healthy state and gradually improved, however, the control area was still in a sub-healthy state and its development was unstable. Therefore, the conclusion was that the ecosystem of the artificial reef areas of Danglang Island were more stable than the control areas, and ecosystem health of radiation areas, was gotten better, due to effect of reefs. The study of reef ecosystem health and scientifically assessing artificial reef ecological effects is important for the construction of reef projects, environment protection, stock enhancement, efficient administration, and sustainable development of fisheries.