国外海底犁式开沟机技术进展

Recent global developments in submarine mechanical trenchers

总结了国外海底犁式开沟机技术进展,海底犁式开沟机可分为"V"型开沟犁和矩形开沟犁两种,"V"型开沟犁开沟截面面积较大,沟槽截面形状为V型,适合与海底管道埋设,其回填方式有专门回填犁回填和回填模块回填两种。矩形开沟犁开沟面积较小,截面狭长且为矩形,多适用于海底电缆埋设。其土壤排出方式有垂向排土和侧向挤压排土两种,沟槽靠重力自动回填。犁式开沟机开沟速度快,造价相对较低,目前正在朝大型化、模块化发展。开沟犁的关键技术包括犁式开沟机的开沟阻力减小方法以及在崎岖海底地形上开沟时的开沟深度稳定性等,这也是目前研究的重点。对国外犁式开沟机技术的总结,对开沟犁设计和海上施工作业有一定指导意义。

This paper summarizes the development of subsea plough. Two types of subsea ploughs are available namely V plough and slot plough. Trenches excavated by the V plough have "V" shape and very large cross section, which makes it suitable for burying the pipe. However, the cross section excavated by the slot plough is rectangular in shape and deeper and narrower than the V trench, making it suitable for burying the cable. The plough trencher works much faster than other types of trenchers and is less expensive. It is larger and modular in design. Reducing the resistance of the plough and maintaining the stability of the trencher in uneven terrain are the key issues in the technology of plough design, requiring more research. This summary of the technology of submarine plough trenchers will be useful in future design aspects of plough trenchers and also in the study of trenching operation.