云南红河州石漠化演变过程及其综合治理成效

Evolution process and comprehensive control of rocky desertification in Honghe state, Yunnan Province

为了阐明云南红河州石漠化演变特点和综合治理成效,本文以2005年、2011年和2016年TM影像为基本数据源,以县市为单元,通过调查收集、实地验证、定位监测等手段,获得了云南省红河州3个时期石漠化演变及治理成效数据。结果发现:(1)12年间,红河州石漠化土地面积从2005年的3267.49 km^2减少到2016年的2 345.08 km^2,生态环境持续好转,石漠化程度总体减轻;(2)红河州石漠化土地主要分布于中西北部的县市,各县市12年间不同监测时段石漠化演变存在差异性,极强度和强度石漠化土地面积急剧减少,中度和轻度石漠化有所增加;(3)2005—2011年石漠化减轻速率明显大于2011—2016年,石漠化土地面积减少比较明显;(4)研究区的石漠化综合治理成效明显,且12年间各县市石漠化演变方向和速率具有复杂性和多变性,治理效果短期之内并不一定明显,而是需要相对漫长的时间方能显现出来,若措施不当,极易重新发生并加剧演变。

This paper presents the features of evolution of rocky desertification and comprehensive control in Honhhe State, Yunnan Province. Our work uses TM images in 2005, 2011 and 2016 as basic data. Investigations, in-situ vali dations and monitoring at fixed locations have been conducted to every county and city of the State. Results find that (1) from 2005 to 2016, the ecological environment became better steady, and the area of rocky desertification reduced overall in this region. (2)The rocky desertification were primarily distributed in the middle and northwest. Monitoring data show that the evolution of this process was different among every counties and cities. The area of extremely and very high rocky desertification declined sharply, while moderate and gentle one increased to some extent. (3) Data of 2005 indicate that the reduce rate of rocky desertification was remarkably greater than that of 2011, with a relatively obvious area decrease. (4) The effect of comprehensive control to rocky desertification was prominent. The trends and rates of rocky desertification evolution were complex and variable among every counties and cities. The control effect in a short time was not necessarily very obvious, instead it needs a long term to examine. If the measures taken was not appropriate, the rocky desertification was very easy to occur again and accelerate.