论诗学批评的“以史为鉴”——以《诗品》与《史记》为例

On the Poetics Criticism of “Taking History as a Mirror” ——Take Shi Pin and Historical Recordsas an Example

《诗品》在诗人创作心理机制、批评原则、编撰体例、写作手法四个方面受到了《史记》的影响。“托诗以怨”是对司马迁“发愤著书”的继承发展;“掎摭病利”是对“不虚美,不隐恶”实录精神的创造性借鉴;诗人合评与《史记》人物合传有异曲同工之妙;对《史记》的“互见法”进行了创造性转化运用。钟嵘“以史为鉴”的诗学批评思维为《诗品》嵌入了诗学批评的史学品格。

Shi Pin was influenced by Sima Qian’s Historical Records in four aspects:the psychological mechanism for creation,the compilation style,the principle for criticism and the writing techniques.Specifically speaking,“expressing sadness and resentments with poems”in Shi Pin is the inheritance and development of Sima Qian’s“writing books with great enthusiasm”and“Pros and cons”is a creative reference to the realistic spirit of“advocating actual beauty,uncovering hidden evil”.There is also a similarity between the joint criticism of poets in Shi Pin and the joint biography of characters in Sima Qian’s Historical Records.Moreover,the“inter-viewing method”in Historical Records has been creatively transformed and applied in Shi Pin.With the influence of poetic critical thinking of“taking history as a mirror”,Zhong Rong’s Shi Pin has the historical character of poetic criticism.