《诗品》体例探源——以陶弘景《真灵位业图》《本草经集注》为对象

Critique of Poet and Its Origin of Style ——Based on The God Industry Map and Notes on Materia Medica

三朝名士陶弘景于当世颇有影响力,与钟嵘交游圈略有重合,其著述可能启发了《诗品》体例设计。《真灵位业图》是具有上清派思想的系统性神仙谱系,既分品第,亦溯师承,对部分神仙用“前置”以示推崇,且在较低品级中“数人合注”,这与《诗品》体例高度吻合。《本草经集注》以三品论药,流行时间适逢《诗品》写作之初,两者序文多有雷同。通过综合考量,陶弘景《真灵位业图》《本草经集注》较书品、画品、棋品而言,更可能影响钟嵘《诗品》的体例设计。迄今研究尚未发现与《诗品》如出一辙的体例对象,由此也体现出《诗品》体例的多源复杂性。

Tao Hongjing,a famous scholar of the three dynasties,had great influence in the world,and coincided with Zhong Rong’s circle of friends.His works may have inspired the style design of Zhong Rong’s Critique of Poet.Tao’s The God Industry Map is a systematic fairy pedigree with the thoughts of the Shangqing School.In the works,some of the gods are praised by putting in the front,and others in the lower grades are combined in group toannotate.This is highly consistent with the style of Critique of Poet.Three grades are used to discuss medicine in Notes on Materia Medica,whose popular time coincides with the beginning of the writing of Critique of Poet.The prefaces are similar.After a comprehensive consideration,the paper holds that Tao’s The God Industry Map and Notes on Materia Medica are more likely to affect the style design of Zhong Rong’s Critique of Poet than calligraphy,paintings and chess.So far,the same object as the Critique of Poet has not been found,which also reflects the multi-source complexity of its style.