小说叙事的演进——以理查逊和奥斯汀为中心

The Evolution of Novel Narrative ——Centered on Richardson and Austin

理查逊在其心理小说中改变以往的叙述视角,利用小说人物承担叙述功能,实现了叙述视角从“外”至“内”的转移;通过多个写信人及第二人称的运用来增加叙事角度,呈现出视角多重化的倾向。奥斯汀放弃了理查逊的第一人称而采用自己极为擅长的第三人称叙述,在运用有限视角方面进行了新的探索。奥斯汀娴熟运用内外视角,秉承着自然简洁的叙事风格,充分显示了其小说叙事艺术的成熟。

In his psychological novels,Richardson changed the previous narrative perspective and used the novel characters to assume the narrative function,realizing the transfer of the narrative perspective from“outside”to“inside”.He increased the narrative perspective through the use of multiple writers and the second person,showing the tendency of multiple perspectives.However,Austin gave up Richardson’s first person and adopted a third-person narrative he was very good at,and made new explorations in the use of limited perspectives.Austin’s skillful use of internal and external perspectives,adhering to the natural and simple narrative style,fully demonstrates the maturity of his novel narrative art.