教育和健康人力资本对城乡居民收入差距影响的实证研究

The Empirical Study of Education, Health Human Capital on Urban-rural Income Gap

运用2000年至2017年28个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据实证检验人力资本的存量、流量及结构对城乡收入差距的影响,结果表明:从全国范围来看,人力资本投资和积累显著促进城乡收入差距缩小,但教育人力资本和健康人力资本对缩小城乡收入差距的作用机理在东、中、西部地区呈现明显差异。据此提出如下政策建议:东、中、西部地区要根据各自经济发展水平和经济结构进行人力资本投资,国家要加大对农村地区人力资本的投资力度,大力开展农村职业技能培训,同时还要提高农村社会保障水平,打破城乡“二元”格局,建立健全农村劳动力跨地区流动机制,加快统筹协调城乡经济发展的进程。

The influence of the human capital’s stock,flow and structure on Urban-rural Income Gap is examined by using 2000 to 2017 panel data in this paper.The results show that the investment and accumulation of human capital significantly promote the convergence of Urban-rural Income Gap.But to the different areas,the influence is different.Accordingly,the policy recommendations on basis of empirical research are put forward.Firstly,different regions should invest in human capital according to their own economic development level and economic structure;secondly,the government should increase investment in rural areas,by vigorously developing vocational skills training and improving the rural social security system;thirdly,it should break the dual pattern of urban and rural areas,and establish and improve the cross-border migration of rural labor force.Finally,we should coordinate the speed of urban and rural economic development.