论“以危险方法危害公共安全罪”的限制适用

On the Limitation and Application of the Crime of Endangering Public Safety by Dangerous Methods

“以危险方法危害公共安全罪”作为我国《刑法》第114条、第115条的兜底罪名,与放火罪、决水罪、爆炸罪设置目的一样,都是为了惩治危险性高的以危险方法危害公共安全的行为,而不包括以危险对象、危险后果为条件的危害公共安全罪。但是由于在司法实践中一般将其误解为《刑法》第二编(分则)第二章“危害公共安全罪”的兜底罪名,从而导致该罪被扩张适用至所有的公共安全领域,这违背了罪刑法定原则。对“其他危险方法”判断的是否综合、准确,直接决定着行为人的行为是否构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪。要扭转“以危险方法危害公共安全罪”扩大适用态势,必须提高立法技术,限定此罪的入罪条件,同时,要摒弃重刑主义理念,以典型案例科学理性地引导司法裁判活动。

The crime of endangering public safety by dangerous methods is the criminal offence of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law of China.It is the same as the purpose of setting up arson,water-breaking crimes and bombing crimes,all of which are aimed at punishing dangerous methods with high risk.Behaviors that endanger public safetydo not include crimes against public safety that are conditional on dangerous objects and consequences.However,in judicial practice,it is generally misunderstood as the crime of endangering public safety in the second chapter of the sub-provisions of criminal law,which leads to the expansion and application of the crime to all fields of public safety,which violates the principle of legality of crime and punishment.Whether the judgment of“other dangerous methods”is comprehensive and accurate or not directly determines whether the behavior of the actor constitutes the crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means.The fundamental way to reverse the trend of expanding the application of this crime is to improve the legislative technology and limit its incrimination conditions.At the same time,we should abandon the concept of severe punishment and scientifically and rationally guide judicial activities with typical cases.