2018年深圳市坪山区噪声危害调查研究

Investigation on noise hazard in Pingshan district of Shenzhen city in 2018

目的:了解深圳市坪山区噪声作业工作人员的双耳高频平均听阈异常情况,为职业性噪声聋的防治提供研究基础。方法:根据GBZ 188-2014 《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求,对深圳市坪山区2018年于噪声工作场所作业的劳动人员进行双耳高频平均听阈检查。结果:深圳市坪山区2018年噪声作业工作者专项检查共11 729例,其中1 623例出现听力异常(双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB),高频听力损伤率13.84%;男性劳动者听力损伤情况显著高于女性工作者(P<0.01);随着年龄和工龄的增加,听力异常检出率逐渐升高(P<0.01);小、微企业的职业性噪声损伤情况更为严重(P<0.01)。结论:2018年深圳市坪山区小、微企业中的男性噪声作业人员更容易出现高频听力损伤,应加强小、微型企业中年龄大、工龄长的从业者的个人防护,减少职业病的发生。

Objective: To investigate the abnormal binaural high frequency average hearing threshold in noise-exposed workers in Pingshan district of Shenzhen, and to provide research basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational noise-induced deafness.Method: According to the GBZ 188-2014 "Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Monitoring", the binaural high frequency average hearing threshold was examined for noise-exposed workers in Pingshan district of Shenzhen in 2018. Results: A total of11 729 noise-exposed workers underwent special examinations. Among them, 1 623 had hearing abnormalities(binaural high frequency average hearing threshold ≥40 dB) and the high frequency hearing impairment rate was 13.84%. The hearing impairment rate of male workers was significantly higher than that of female workers(P<0.01). With the increase of age and working age, the detection rate of the hearing impairment increased gradually(P<0.01), and occupational noise-induced hearing impairment in small and micro enterprises was more serious(P<0.01). Conclusions: In Pingshan district of Shenzhen in 2018, male workers in small and micro enterprises are more likely to suffer from high-frequency hearing impairment. Personal protection should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases for the older and longer working age workers in small and micro enterprises.