高熵合金及其他高熵材料研究新进展

Resent development in high-entropy alloys and other high-entropy materials

高熵材料是一类由多种元素以等摩尔比或近等摩尔比组成的新型多主元材料,打破了传统的材料设计理念。 高熵材料以其独特的晶体结构特征,表现出许多不同于传统材料的组织和性能特点。目前国内外已经研发出多种 高熵材料,在力学、物理和化学性能等方面具有独特的优势,在很多领域具有巨大的应用潜力,已经成为国际材料 学术界的重要研究热点之一。本文从高熵材料的设计理念出发,主要综述了高熵合金、高熵陶瓷、高熵金属间化合 物等高熵材料的最新研究进展,总结了不同高熵材料的结构特征、组织性能及强化机制,并对高熵材料的发展趋势 进行了展望。高通量计算与制备将成为设计这类多主元材料的重要快捷手段,随着材料的进步,高熵材料成形加 工技术必将快速发展以满足其多元化应用需求。

High-entropy(HE)materials are defined as novel multi-principal materials that contain several principal elements(usually≥5)in an(equa)equi-molar ratio,and the design concept of HE materials introduces a new way to improve the properties of materials.Due to their unique crystallographic structure characteristics,HE materials show many different characteristics of microstructures and properties compared with conventional materials.The HE materials have great potential applications in many fields.At present,many kinds of high-entropy materials were prepared with excellent properties in mechanics,physics or chemistry,such as high strength and elongation,distinguished thermal stability,wear resistance,magnetic,conductivity and corrosion resistance.This paper reviews the recent research and development of high-entropy alloys,high-entropy ceramics and high-entropy intermetallics,and summarizes their structure characteristics,microstructures,properties and strengthening mechanisms.In the future,high throughput calculation and preparation will be an important and fast way to design this kind of multi-component materials.With the development of materials,the forming and processing technologies of high entropy materials will develop rapidly to meet their diversified application needs.